编辑“︁加密和编码算法”︁（章节）

== MD5 ==

'''MD5消息摘要算法'''（英语：MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm），一种被广泛使用的[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8 密码散列函数]，可以产生出一个128位（16[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82 字节]）的散列值（hash value），用于确保信息传输完整一致。MD5由美国密码学家[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9 罗纳德·李维斯特]（Ronald Linn Rivest）设计，于1992年公开，用以取代[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD4 MD4]算法。这套算法的程序在 [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1321 RFC 1321] 中被加以规范。

伪代码表示为：

<pre>/Note: All variables are unsigned 32 bits and wrap modulo 2^32 when calculating
var int[64] r, k

//r specifies the per-round shift amounts
r[ 0..15]：= {7, 12, 17, 22,  7, 12, 17, 22,  7, 12, 17, 22,  7, 12, 17, 22} 
r[16..31]：= {5,  9, 14, 20,  5,  9, 14, 20,  5,  9, 14, 20,  5,  9, 14, 20}
r[32..47]：= {4, 11, 16, 23,  4, 11, 16, 23,  4, 11, 16, 23,  4, 11, 16, 23}
r[48..63]：= {6, 10, 15, 21,  6, 10, 15, 21,  6, 10, 15, 21,  6, 10, 15, 21}

//Use binary integer part of the sines of integers as constants:
for i from 0 to 63
    k[i] := floor(abs(sin(i + 1)) × 2^32)

//Initialize variables:
var int h0 := 0x67452301
var int h1 := 0xEFCDAB89
var int h2 := 0x98BADCFE
var int h3 := 0x10325476

//Pre-processing:
append &quot;1&quot; bit to message
append &quot;0&quot; bits until message length in bits ≡ 448 (mod 512)
append bit length of message as 64-bit little-endian integer to message

//Process the message in successive 512-bit chunks:
for each 512-bit chunk of message
    break chunk into sixteen 32-bit little-endian words w[i], 0 ≤ i ≤ 15

    //Initialize hash value for this chunk:
    var int a := h0
    var int b := h1
    var int c := h2
    var int d := h3

    //Main loop:
    for i from 0 to 63
        if 0 ≤ i ≤ 15 then
            f := (b and c) or ((not b) and d)
            g := i
        else if 16 ≤ i ≤ 31
            f := (d and b) or ((not d) and c)
            g := (5×i + 1) mod 16
        else if 32 ≤ i ≤ 47
            f := b xor c xor d
            g := (3×i + 5) mod 16
        else if 48 ≤ i ≤ 63
            f := c xor (b or (not d))
            g := (7×i) mod 16
 
        temp := d
        d := c
        c := b
        b := leftrotate((a + f + k[i] + w[g]),r[i]) + b
        a := temp
    Next i
    //Add this chunk's hash to result so far:
    h0 := h0 + a
    h1 := h1 + b 
    h2 := h2 + c
    h3 := h3 + d
End ForEach
var int digest := h0 append h1 append h2 append h3 //(expressed as little-endian)</pre>
其鲜明的特征是：

<syntaxhighlight lang="c">    h0 = 0x67452301;
    h1 = 0xefcdab89;
    h2 = 0x98badcfe;
    h3 = 0x10325476;</syntaxhighlight>

[[Category:Reverse_Overview]]